Both Gwadar and Chabahar ports have a unique geostrategic and geopolitical significance. Economically and strategically both are vital choke-points which provide unrestricted access to the Indian Ocean where about 100,000 ships and around 70 percent of the world’s petroleum trade passes each year. The strategic significance of these ports is visibly clear from the fact that these sea trade centers are located at the crossroads of international sea shipping and oil trade routes while linking three regions that are: South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East.
For India, Chabahar is the adjoining port to the Indian Ocean providing direct entrance to the Middle East and Central Asia. Chabahar will provide India with an entry to Afghanistan. Recently Iran, Afghanistan and India reached an agreement to give Indian supplies, heading for Central Asia and Afghanistan, special treatment and decreased tariff at Chabahar.
For China, Gwadar with a considerable head start over Chabahar, could be a finishing point for pipelines in its oil and gas supply chain from the Middle East and the Africa, allowing it to find a way around the crowded nip point that is the passage of Hormuz. Gwadar also opens up the projection for a pipeline corridor bringing oil and gas to China from the Middle East as an exchange route to transport oil around the Indian Subcontinent and through the progressively more disputed territorial waters of the South China Sea. The path will be economical, less risky and give Beijing greater freedom of action to chase its control over the South China Sea.
Declaration of CPEC brought India yet again in an open conflict with Pakistan. In November 2013, Pakistan handed over the Gwadar Port to Chinese Overseas Ports Holding Company Ltd. (COPHCL) for further expansion. This progress worried India and it started asking Iranian officials to resume the construction of the Chabahar port. Chabahar is located at approximately 150 kilometers west from the Pakistani deep-sea port, Gwadar. In a way, chahbahar development by India was a result of strategic rivalry of Gwadar.
Many in Pakistan view Chabahar as India’s answer to Pakistan’s development of the Gwadar port, associating with China, which is something India should invest in by all means. India has many strategic and political reasons to have partnership with Iran. India wants to counteract China and the place it chose in Iran (Chahbahar) is just 106 miles away from Gwadar. No doubt it is a strong effort to reduce the economic weight of Gwadar.
The imprisonment of Indian naval officer Kulbushan Yadev, along with a huge spy network carrying out rebellious activities in Baluchistan and Karachi, specified some Indo-Iranian nexus. Later, arrest of some Afghan spies in Baluchistan further uncovered Indo-Afghan alliance. Also, droning of Mullah Mansur further brought such facts into the attention, which strengthened assumption regarding Indo-Afghan-Iran nexus. In fact, this strategic competition represents the intensity of Indian panic because of Pakistan China economic corridor. Certainly, Chabahar can affect the timelines of CPEC, prohibiting reaping full benefits of the expected game changer.
Despite the strategic importance of Chabahar for India, there has been very little progress observed for several reasons. First is Iran’s unresponsive support for the project. Although the idea was first mooted in 2003, it was only in 2012 on the sidelines of the 16th Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Tehran that Iran — then wobbled under sanctions for its nuclear activities — approved to set up a joint working group to function the port project as part of the trilateral agreement between Afghanistan, India and Iran on investment cooperation, business and transportation. A chief factor behind Iran’s unwillingness to allow an Indian presence at Chabahar was the opposition by the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, which reportedly uses the port to ship arms to Yemen and militant groups in the region.
Furthermore, given the existence of Gwadar next door, where China has pledged to invest $46 billion for CPEC, it is unclear whether the Chabahar route will produce enough trade to justify the investment. In fact Iran, which has been playing hardball with India and demanding greater Indian investment in Chabahar, itself plans to invest $4 billion to build a plant in Gwadar to process 400,000 barrels of oil per day. Clearly, resolving the Chabahar challenge is vital to securing India’s interests in Iran and beyond. Nevertheless, given the challenges noticeable in this project, India is unlikely to succeed on its own.
Additionally, Gulf region is in a state of strategic instability and it is difficult to forecast viability of Iran’s strategic route, including its relationship with India. Competitors such as China and Pakistan could obstruct or otherwise trump India’s involvement in the project. Expectantly the development of Gwadar will attract Kabul and Central Asian Republics more.
India wants to get back Karzai type government in Afghanistan which is only possible if Islamabad’s control is reduced by upsetting the newly formed cooperative relationship between the two Muslim countries. With the Torkham border tension between Afghanistan and Pakistan, it seems its designs are somewhat succeeding. However, the Durand Line conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan is not new. The greater economic benefits that Afghanistan can reap from Chabahar, it’s only a matter of time before Kabul will soften its stance on the issue.
In order to be triumphant, Pakistan should exercise effective leadership by employing its administration, military and diplomacy to maximize the Gwadar port’s potential. If Pakistan succeeds in this regional game, the Gwadar Port will guarantee connectivity to the world as well as speedy movement of its workforce, goods and services. And, the CPEC will result in qualitative improvement of Pakistan’s land connectivity related infrastructure.
Failing to achieve this goal will allow India and Iran to collect all the benefits. Pakistan must ask China, to sign and announce high-status cooperation agreements and openly announce a strategic military coalition to help each other achieve common interests, and also to help each other in case of any violence. CPEC is the game changer and it’s destined to be successful.
View Comments (2)
Well this article seems to lack sense, its more like a diplomatic stunt than being logical, Chahbahar Port is not something to upset China, cuz the country itself is the largest buyer of Iranian crude and then again China is leading investor in Iranian IT related industry, secondly China itself is rushing to establish close and good working relationships with Iran, Russia and China are going to finance Iranian infrastructure investments and setting up of Financial center in downtown Tehran.
As to Chahabah and India, the article deliberately brought in some supposedly anti Pakistan nexus and involvement of Iran in troubling Baluchistan which is farce, cuz Pakistan army is bombing Baloch's well before Iranian revolution so its funny journalism in Pakistan is that pathetic. Unfortunately there is no country that trusts Pakistan and there is not anyone who is serious enough to commit longterm investment in Pakistan, this is primarily due to instability, CPEC is a cover show for Chinese military and intelligence program and nothing else, even China knows nothing can be done in Gawadar for economic might, its all that Pakistan has again became a vassal but this time for the Chinese. Chahabahr is not only well connected to rail links to CIS it will actually pretty much faster start receiving the trains from China like currently the rail crosses Tehran and Isfahan only but they are extending the rail link, Pakistan is a century behind freight rail networks.
If we stop suspecting everyone and focus on joint working we might help each other build up stronger partnership, Afghans have zero faith in Pakistan, also Iran is skeptical of Pakistan's involvement in in necessary arm twisting, while our greater than father friend Saudi Arabia is awarding Modi or to say literally boot polishing Indian PM Modi to buy more crude and help them achieve food security, where is Pakistan? I think nobody cares.
Afghanistan should not play a double game or I would say the game of India or else it will fail and it will fail the indian investment in chabahar as well....Afghanistan should go after the enemies of Pakistan who are hiding in Afghanistan because they are the one who are the enemies of both Pakistan and Afghanistan